Report Summary

  • 92

    Performance

    Renders faster than
    92% of other websites

  • 33

    Accessibility

    Visual factors better than
    that of 18% of websites

  • 67

    Best Practices

    More advanced features
    available than in
    24% of websites

  • 58

    SEO

    Google-friendlier than
    20% of websites

gulf2000.columbia.edu

The Gulf/2000 Project - SIPA - COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY

Page Load Speed

492 ms in total

First Response

139 ms

Resources Loaded

209 ms

Page Rendered

144 ms

gulf2000.columbia.edu screenshot

About Website

Click here to check amazing Gulf 2000 COLUMBIA content for United States. Otherwise, check out these important facts you probably never knew about gulf2000.columbia.edu

The Gulf/2000 Project is a service to scholars, government officials, business people, journalists and other specialists who have a professional association with the Persian Gulf and Gulf studies.

Visit gulf2000.columbia.edu

Key Findings

We analyzed Gulf2000.columbia.edu page load time and found that the first response time was 139 ms and then it took 353 ms to load all DOM resources and completely render a web page. This is an excellent result, as only 5% of websites can load faster.

Performance Metrics

gulf2000.columbia.edu performance score

92

Measured Metrics

name

value

score

weighting

FCP (First Contentful Paint)

Value1.2 s

99/100

10%

LCP (Largest Contentful Paint)

Value3.0 s

78/100

25%

SI (Speed Index)

Value1.2 s

100/100

10%

TBT (Total Blocking Time)

Value170 ms

93/100

30%

CLS (Cumulative Layout Shift)

Value0.011

100/100

15%

TTI (Time to Interactive)

Value2.2 s

99/100

10%

Network Requests Diagram

gulf2000.columbia.edu

139 ms

icon1a.gif

14 ms

icon1.gif

22 ms

icon2a.gif

24 ms

icon2.gif

23 ms

Our browser made a total of 24 requests to load all elements on the main page. We found that all of those requests were addressed to Gulf2000.columbia.edu and no external sources were called. The less responsive or slowest element that took the longest time to load (139 ms) belongs to the original domain Gulf2000.columbia.edu.

Page Optimization Overview & Recommendations

Page size can be reduced by 11.5 kB (69%)

Content Size

16.6 kB

After Optimization

5.1 kB

In fact, the total size of Gulf2000.columbia.edu main page is 16.6 kB. This result falls beyond the top 1M of websites and identifies a large and not optimized web page that may take ages to load. Only 5% of websites need less resources to load. HTML takes 16.6 kB which makes up the majority of the site volume.

HTML Optimization

-69%

Potential reduce by 11.5 kB

  • Original 16.6 kB
  • After minification 16.0 kB
  • After compression 5.1 kB

HTML content can be minified and compressed by a website’s server. The most efficient way is to compress content using GZIP which reduces data amount travelling through the network between server and browser. HTML code on this page is well minified. It is highly recommended that content of this web page should be compressed using GZIP, as it can save up to 11.5 kB or 69% of the original size.

Requests Breakdown

Number of requests can be reduced by 16 (70%)

Requests Now

23

After Optimization

7

The browser has sent 23 CSS, Javascripts, AJAX and image requests in order to completely render the main page of Gulf 2000 COLUMBIA. We recommend that multiple CSS and JavaScript files should be merged into one by each type, as it can help reduce assets requests and as a result speed up the page load time.

Accessibility Review

gulf2000.columbia.edu accessibility score

33

Accessibility Issues

Contrast

These are opportunities to improve the legibility of your content.

Impact

Issue

High

Background and foreground colors do not have a sufficient contrast ratio.

Internationalization and localization

These are opportunities to improve the interpretation of your content by users in different locales.

Impact

Issue

High

<html> element does not have a [lang] attribute

Names and labels

These are opportunities to improve the semantics of the controls in your application. This may enhance the experience for users of assistive technology, like a screen reader.

Impact

Issue

High

Image elements do not have [alt] attributes

High

<input type="image"> elements do not have [alt] text

High

Form elements do not have associated labels

High

Links do not have a discernible name

Best Practices

gulf2000.columbia.edu best practices score

67

Areas of Improvement

Trust and Safety

Impact

Issue

High

Does not use HTTPS

Low

Ensure CSP is effective against XSS attacks

User Experience

Impact

Issue

High

Serves images with low resolution

General

Impact

Issue

High

Issues were logged in the Issues panel in Chrome Devtools

SEO Factors

gulf2000.columbia.edu SEO score

58

Search Engine Optimization Advices

Content Best Practices

Format your HTML in a way that enables crawlers to better understand your app’s content.

Impact

Issue

High

Links do not have descriptive text

High

Image elements do not have [alt] attributes

Language and Encoding

  • Language Detected

    EN

  • Language Claimed

    N/A

  • Encoding

    N/A

Language claimed in HTML meta tag should match the language actually used on the web page. Otherwise Gulf2000.columbia.edu can be misinterpreted by Google and other search engines. Our service has detected that English is used on the page, and neither this language nor any other was claimed in <html> or <meta> tags. Our system also found out that Gulf2000.columbia.edu main page’s claimed encoding is . Changing it to UTF-8 can be a good choice, as this format is commonly used for encoding all over the web and thus their visitors won’t have any troubles with symbol transcription or reading.

Social Sharing Optimization

Open Graph description is not detected on the main page of Gulf 2000 COLUMBIA. Lack of Open Graph description can be counter-productive for their social media presence, as such a description allows converting a website homepage (or other pages) into good-looking, rich and well-structured posts, when it is being shared on Facebook and other social media. For example, adding the following code snippet into HTML <head> tag will help to represent this web page correctly in social networks: